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The entire CNC milling process begins with a digital 3D model (CAD file). This model is imported into CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) software, where programmers set parameters such as tool paths, cutting speed, and depth, and generate machine instructions known as “G-code.” Next, the operator secures the raw material on the CNC machine and loads the G-code into the system. The machine strictly follows the G-code instructions, automatically controlling the tool's movement along multiple axes such as X, Y, and Z, and shaping the workpiece through precise cutting until the final part is completed.

This is determined by the physical characteristics of CNC milling, as the tool used (end mill) is cylindrical. When a rotating circular tool cuts an internal corner, it cannot achieve a perfect 90-degree sharp angle, and the limit of its path inevitably leaves an arc. The minimum radius of this arc is equal to the radius of the tool. Therefore, to ensure manufacturability, designers must incorporate a radius for all internal corners when designing parts. It is generally recommended that this radius be slightly larger than the radius of the tool used to improve machining efficiency and reduce costs.

The cost of CNC milling is primarily driven by four core factors. First is processing time, which is the largest cost driver. The complexity of the part, the amount of material removed, and surface finish requirements directly determine the machine tool's runtime. Second is material cost, with significant price differences between materials such as standard aluminum alloys and titanium alloys. Third is clamping complexity; if a part requires multiple rotations or the use of multi-axis equipment for processing, this significantly increases setup time and labor costs. Finally, tolerance requirements and post-processing specifications also impact costs; extremely high precision requirements and post-processing operations such as anodizing or sandblasting add additional expenses.

The material application range of CNC milling is extremely broad, encompassing virtually all machinable hard materials. The most common metals include aluminum alloys (such as 6061, 7075), stainless steel, carbon steel, brass, bronze, and titanium alloys, among others. In terms of plastics, it can easily process engineering plastics such as ABS, nylon (Nylon), POM (Delrin), acrylic (Acrylic), and polycarbonate (PC). Additionally, CNC milling is commonly used for processing wood, composite materials (such as carbon fiber panels), and materials like Dacron and foam used in mold manufacturing.

To obtain a quick and accurate quote from a manufacturing plant, you need to provide a complete set of information. The most important document is a 3D CAD model, with the STEP (.stp) format being the industry-standard preferred choice. Additionally, a detailed 2D engineering drawing (typically in PDF format) is also crucial, as it clearly specifies key dimensions, tolerance requirements, thread specifications, and surface finish that cannot be fully represented in the 3D model. Furthermore, the required material specifications (e.g., “Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6”), order quantity, and any post-processing requirements must be clearly specified.